• Do you know the challenge your immune system has to overcome during pregnancy?
• Do you want to know how your baby is under constant threat from your immune system?
• Do you want to find out how truly amazing your immune system really is?

]]> http://honnao.com/new/?feed=rss2&p=256 0 http://honnao.com/new/?p=241 http://honnao.com/new/?p=241#comments Thu, 10 Jan 2013 08:58:26 +0000 admin http://honnao.com/new/?p=241 Meeting report from the Euroscicon event: 29th June 2012, London, UK

Chairs:   Dr Vivienne Levy, Councillor, New Zealand Society of Forensic Odontology, NZ and Dr Phil Marsden, President, The British Association for Forensic Odontology, UK

 Author: Gavin Latin, Newcastle University, UK

Editors: Dr Astrid Englezou, Dr Adaora Okechuku and Dr Shara Cohen

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Contents

Collection and preservation of biological material for disaster victim identification.

The utility of DNA profiling in human identification.

Identity vs identification in the 21^st Century: The forensic use of jewellery in disaster victim identification.

Disaster victim identification in a theatre of operations.

Lessons learnt during the Christchurch earthquake.

Mass Disaster, Post Mortem Identification Techniques and Procedures.

Management of DVI scene

Preservation of life

Security of both the site and the evidence.

Relative Liaison Centres (RLC).

Means of identification and ante-mortem data.

Conclusion:

References:

Biographies:

• File Size: 194 KB
• Publisher: Honnao (January 8, 2013)
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• Language: English
• ASIN: B00AYZBO5G

Although allergy to food is a common problem and affects about 1 in 10 infants in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States, there is still quite a bit of confusion about what the term allergy means, how we get allergic to food and what we can do to prevent it occurring.

The aim of this short book is to explain the basic concepts of food allergy, so that everyone can understand how it occurs, why our body reacts when we have an allergy and discusses some of the advice given for how we can help ourselves and our children to prevent it occurring.

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Table of Contents

Preface

Let’s be clear

Food allergy is not

Food allergy is

There are two major types of food allergy

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions

Delayed hypersensitivity reactions

What determines if food allergy is severe?

Primary allergy

Secondary allergy

Why do people get food allergy?

Genetics

Irregular early food exposures

Late food exposures

Skin damage which might cause food allergy

The type bugs that live in the stomach may determine whether there is food allergy

Why is food allergy more common today?

The Hygiene Hypothesis

Changes in diet and nutrition

Not all food cause allergies

Types of food that cause allergy in UK and US children

Types of food that cause allergy in UK and US adults

How to not develop allergy to food

Avoidance of common food allergens during pregnancy, breastfeeding and youth

Early introduction of common food allergens such as peanut or egg to a child’s diet

Vitamin D

Oily fish

Breast feeding

Conclusion

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ASIN: B0095DCE52

Each Chapter is written by an expert in the subject and topics include the origins and progress of scientifically moderated food, how some germs that we eat will keep us healthy, whereas others will kill us, the origins of food allergy, what we should be feeding our children and how our emotions control our eating habits

This is not a book that that will tell you how to live your life or how to eat healthily.

There are no diets or anti-allergy plans.

What we are aiming to do is ask you to take a moment out of your day to give some thought for food you are eating and hopefully provide you with some food for thought. …..

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Introduction

People, food, health, and technologies               

PART I Food and culture

People and food

Attitudes to food

Early technology and food

Food and language

PART II Winning food

People evolved as hunter-gatherers

Early plant processing technologies and biotechnologies

Hunter-gatherers manage and manipulate plants and animals

The remarkable Kumeyaay people

PART III Creating food

The farming revolution

The creation of domesticated species

Agriculture only developed in a few places and very few plants or animals were ever domesticated

Farming, lifestyles, and human health

PART IV Managing and improving food creation

Crop management

Empirical genetic manipulation for crop improvement

Biotechnologies, ancient and modern

Biotechnology and the 20th century population explosion

PART V Genetic engineering and other 21st century technologies

Biotechnologies for the 21st century – it’s not all about GM!

The importance of context and provenance for biotechnologies

Why were GM crops rejected in Europe?

GM crops: consumer reaction and global impact

Has the impact of GM technology been exaggerated?

Future perspectives

Acknowledgements

Citations

About the Author:  Professor Denis Murphy, BA (Hons), DPhil, FSB

Probiotics and beneficial gut microbes

Introducing probiotics

Bacteria within us

Contribution of gut bacteria to human health

Gut microbes and host nutrition

Beneficial bacteria in food?  Since the days of the cavemen

Beneficial bacteria – discovered, then nearly forgotten… and re-discovered

Health benefits of probiotics – Digestive health

The use of probiotics to reduce or avoid the side-effects of antibiotic treatments

Irritable bowel syndrome

Digestion of food

Inflammatory bowel diseases

Reduction of gut pathogens

Health benefits of probiotics – Immune health

Are all probiotics equal?

Safety of probiotics

Concluding remarks

About the Author:  Dr Sampo Lahtinen, PhD

Food Poisoning in the United Kingdom at the Start of the Twenty first Century

What is Food Poisoning?

Food Poisoning in the UK

The Key Food Safety Challenges

Campylobacter

Listeria monocytogenes

E.coli

Norovirus

Salmonella

Clostridium Perfringens

Top Tips for Avoiding Food Poisoning and Staying Healthy

Finding out more about food poisoning

Ackowledgements

About the Author:  Dr Christopher Gooding, BSc, PhD

You can wear pink socks to the party, but you can’t bring pink wafers!

Once upon a time

Diet, nutrition and behaviour

School food standards – making the right choice the easy choice?

Packed lunches

Be Label Aware!

The Stats

Good practice in a secondary schools

Moving on

Big Brother

The problem with common sense

What’s it got to do with me?

It’s nothing like smoking! Or “Do as I say, not as I do”

Happily ever after

About the Author:  Jo Smith

Eating the emotion

How we use food to change our mood

Introduction

In the beginning… we are born hungry, hungry for love, hungry for food

Clara

Dan

Using a framework to understand emotional eating

Parent ego-state

Adult ego-state

Child ego-state

How do we decide to use food to soothe ourselves?

Some common patterns

What initiates and perpetuates emotional eating?

Why diets alone don’t work

What is the alternative to dieting?

So how can we stop eating our emotions?

Seeking professional help

Conclusion

Citations

About the Authors:  Ayse Banbridge and Sonia Di Gennaro

Factors affecting the development of food allergy

What is food allergy?

What illnesses does food allergy cause?

Is food allergy more common than it used to be, or do we just recognise it more often?

If food allergy is getting more common, do we know why this is happening?

Do we know why food allergy occurs in the first place?

OK – well how does our body decide whether or not to make an allergic response to a food that we eat then?

And what sort of things might stop this from working properly?

i. A disturbed gut lining

ii. A highly allergic immune system

iii. Abnormal early food exposures

iv. More complex interactions between the environment and our genetic makeup

So when food allergy does happen, what is the body reacting to?

What determines whether an allergic reaction will be severe and life threatening or not?

So what should I do to prevent my child from developing food allergy

a. Avoidance of common food allergens

b. Early introduction of common food allergens such as peanut or egg to a child’s diet

c. Vitamin supplements

d. Oily fish

e. Probiotics

f. Breast feeding

g. Skin care

h. Other ways of preventing allergy

Conclusions

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 Chair: Professor George Salmond, University of Cambridge, UK

 Editors:  Dr Nicholas Warrick and Dr Shara Cohen

Bacteriophages (phages) are obligate molecular parasites of their hosts, the bacteria and they are, arguably, the most abundant biological entities on Earth. Many years of basic research on the nature of phages have provided a wealth of information on fundamental molecular processes in bacteria. As a spin-off from such “pure science” studies, bacteriophage research has been exploited to generate a spectrum of technologies and reagents that have underpinned the development of modern biotechnology (at lab scale and in industrial bioprocesses). Indeed, the power of modern biology research would have been unimaginable without the translation of phage research into generic techniques and molecular tools with widespread applicability. Largely driven by bacterial genomic research, in recent years there has been resurgence in interest in phages because of their roles as key drivers of adaptive evolution in their bacterial hosts, particularly affecting virulence. Furthermore, there has been stimulation of phage research because of the possibilities of exploiting phages in multiple ways – including as delivery agents for vaccine development, and in “phage therapy”.  Professor George Salmond, University of Cambridge, UK

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 Contents

Introduction:  The wonderful world of bacteriophages

The impact of bacteriophage on bacterial genome evolution

STX-phages and virulence gene dissemination in pathogens

Bacteriophage abortive infection systems

Novel anti-phage systems in bacteria

Use of phages for detection of bacterial pathogens

Biotechnological challenges of phage therapy

Immune responses following treatment with bacteriophage

Does phage therapy actually work? Results from the first phase 2 clinical trial

POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Aspects of large scale filamentous bacteriophage production: Particle characterisation, contained fermentation and primary recovery

Biocontrol of E. coli O157:H7:  Genome sequencing of two anti-E. coli O157:H7 bacteriophages

Metagenomic analysis of the human tongue dorsum using phage display

Isolation of a cloned bacteriophage lysin (LysK) which eliminates pathogenic staphylococci including MRSA

Characterization of the bacteriophage-related gene clusters in the genome of a cystic fibrosis epidemic strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa

Characterization of bacteriophages active against  pseudomonas aeruginosa

Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages with potential to control lactic acid bacterial strains which cause spoilage in brewing processes

The impact of prophages on citrobacter rodentium

The potential therapy of immobilised bacteriophage on sutures in a methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) wound model

The large scale fermentation and bioprocessing of bacteriophage

Citrobacter rodentium phages: Characterization and screening for phage therapy applications

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• What does your immune system actually do and how does it do it?
• Why should you boost your immune system?

Using non-scientific and non-medical terms, this simple, interesting, jargon-free book explains:-

How your immune system protects you, what happens when the immune system goes wrong and simple (cost-free) ways to help your body fight infections.

Immune diseases such as allergy and diabetes, as well as organ transplantation and cancer, are discussed, plus controversial treatments such as homeopathy.

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Table of Contents

Preface

Introduction

How great your immune system is

• Natural Surveillance.
• The Immune System talks to itself.
• Making Memories.
• Time to kill
• How antibodies work.

When the immune system goes wrong.

• Allergy.
• What causes the allergy symptoms.
• Autoimmunity.
• Transplantation.
• Preventing rejection.
• The problems with a bone marrow transplant.

The Immune system and cancer.

• Cancer therapy effects the immune system drastically.

Boosting the immune system..

• Don’t worry, be happy.
• Exercise.
• Diet.
• Undernourished people.
• Excessive food intake.
• Good Bacteria.
• Vaccinations.
• Homeopathy.
• Be a bit dirty!

Conclusion

This book is part of the Simple explanations for complicated things series which has a Facebook  fan page at www.facebook.com/SimpleExplanations

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This is a summary of the  Euroscicon event which took place in London on the 9th of March 2012 in London.

The meeting was chaired by Dr John Davis, Chairman of the UK Branch of the European Society for Animal Cell Technology.

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 Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION.

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF HUMAN STEM CELLS.

Polymeric matrix construction.

Potential clinical use of human embryonic stem cells.

MODULATION OF CELLS DURING IN VITRO CULTURE: INDUCTION OF AUTOPHAGY AND PHOTOPHERESIS-INDUCED TRANSFECTION.

Methods to measure autophagy in vitro.

Recent advances in photoporation technology for cell injection and transfection.

THE IMPORTANCE OF STANDARDIZED CULTURE CONDITIONS FOR IN VITRO EXPANSION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF STEM CELLS.

Single use bioreactor for clinical-grade production of stem cells.

Automated Approaches to the Optimisation of Stem Cell Expansion and Differentiation.

The importance of culture medium standardization: A case study of DMEM / F12 production.

Remodelling of mRNA translation in the cold during mammalian cell bioprocessing.

CONCLUDING COMMENTS.

“Much of the promise of stem cell biology and tissue engineering depends on the ability to maintain and differentiate cells into tissues in a robust and reproducible manner. We are only just at the beginning of understanding how to control cell growth in vitro and produce cell types that are of value to basic research, pharmaceutical development and potential therapeutic applications. This meeting is designed to bring together experts in the field to share their experiences of developing innovative ways to create a more realistic environment for cell growth and differentiation. There are many physical factors that are often taken for granted during the culture of cells, including the topography and nature of the substrate, oxygen tension, temperature, etc. Furthermore, the addition of exogenous factors to the culture medium and the development of co-culture models are of importance to more closely mimic the conditions cells experience in vivo. The aim of this symposium was to therefore recognise that the control of cell differentiation requires an in-depth understanding of the growth conditions and signals cells require in order to differentiate in a particular manner. This was exemplified by a carefully selected panel of speakers who shared their experiences of controlling cell growth and differentiation using a range of alternative approaches”. Dr Stefan Przyborski, School of Biological and Biomedical Science, Durham University

This meeting was chaired by Dr Stefan Przyborski, School of Biological and Biomedical Science, Durham University

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 Table of Contents

Preface

Development of Enabling Technology to Control Cell Growth and Function In Vitro

Haematopoietic differentiation of embryonic stem cells is influenced by the aorta-gonad-mesonephros microenvironment.

• Abstract.
• Introduction.
• Results and Discussion.
• Acknowledgements.
• References.

Effects of the microenvironment on ES cell differentiation

Metabolic Profiling Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

• References

Human CB-CD.133+ Cells Injected To Nod-Scid Mice Made Deaf After Ototoxic Treatment Provide Conditions For The Resumption Of The Inner Ear Structure

BD MatrigelTM – An Ideal Surface for Maintaining Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Effect of culture temperature on mesenchymal stem cell viability and potency

Inhibition of neuritogenesis by adult neuroprogenitors grown on MAG-coated substrates

The Power of Guava Technologies

• Typical Stem Cell Viability Test Report

Poster Presentations

Adult  Human  Dental Pulp Stem  Cells (DPSC): Preliminary Observations  For Selecting And Conditioning  Dpsc  According  Osteogenic Aims

Changes in Cell Deformability as a Novel Differentiation Marker

“The main goal of this meeting was to get together clinical and basic immunologists trying to gather insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of human diseases and immunotherapy. Due to the limitations of the human system, these investigations often rely on the use of animal models developing spontaneous diseases. In this meeting we evaluated the pros and cons of some of the most used and valuable animal models of disease and some new models, which will open new therapeutic ways to treat human diseases”.  Dr Sonia Quaratino, Reader in Immunology, Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre, University of Southampton

This meeting was chaired by:   Dr Sonia Quaratino, Reader in Immunology, Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre, University of Southampton

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Table of Contents

Preface

Contents

Why use spontaneous models of human disease?

Biological processes in complex organisms, especially mammals, have many features in common

Many pathological processes in humans are very complex, and as populations are outbred

Some ‘artificial’ models provide information about ‘natural’ regulatory mechanisms for potential therapeutic use

A novel humanized animal model of spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis

References

Understanding the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Through Experimental Models

Humanized, spontaneous transgenic models of MS – immunology, imaging and therapeutics

Spontaneous And Induced Models Of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Introduction

Models of arthritis induced by immunization

Adjuvant arthritis

Antigen-induced arthritis

Streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis

Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA)

Proteoglycan-induced arthritis

Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein-induced arthritis

Spontaneous arthritis in transgenic strains of mice

hTNF transgenic mice

hIL-1a transgenic mice

The KRN model of arthritis

References

A Mouse Model For Celiac Disease

Abstract

The immunopathogenic  mechanisms in Celiac Disease

In vivo models of intestinal gluten sensitivity

Recent advances

References1

The myodystrophy mouse; providing insights into the glycobiology of muscular dystrophy

What have we learned from spontaneous animal models of muscular dystrophy

Mouse Models of Arteriosclerosis

Abstract

Introduction

Arterial injury

Vein graft atherosclerosis

Transplant arteriosclerosis

Limitation

Perspectives

Acknowledgements

References

Disease Models by Leukocyte-specific mutagenesis in Mice

Abstract

Introduction

Csk-deficiency in granulocytes leads to acute inflammatory disease

B cell specific inactivation of the TGF-b receptor causes IgA deficiency, B cell hyperplasia and hyper-g-globulinaemia

Tracking homeostatic pathways and mediators in primary cells

References

The Immunological Disease Continuum- Implications for animal models

“Nitric oxide (NO), generated by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) plays a key role in a diverse range of physiological and pathophysiological conditions within the cardiovascular, immune, reproductive and nervous systems. Since NO is a small, diffusible, highly reactive free radical with a short half-life, and is present in low concentrations, real-time detection of NO is extremely difficult. This meeting will examine methods used to detect and visualise NO-producing cells. Furthermore, direct and indirect techniques used to measure NO will be examined, including among others, the measurement of NOS enzymatic activity, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and NO-sensitive electrodes. Finally, tools that facilitate NO research, such as NOS inhibitors will be examined”.  Meeting’s Chair: Dr Nicholas Warrick – University of Oxford

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Table of Contents

Preface

Contents

Introduction

• NITRIC OXIDE
• NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE
• ACTIONS OF NITRIC OXIDE
• MEETING OUTLINE
• REFERENCES

ORAL PRESENTATIONS

Quantification of Blood and Tissue NO Metabolites by Gas Phase Chemiluminescence: a Guide to NO Man’s Land

• Introduction
• Vascular Nitric Oxide Metabolism
• Methods for Metabolite Measurement
• Principle of Chemiluminescence
• Methods of Sample Preparation
• Controversy
• Practicalities
• Concluding Remarks
• References

Radiochemical HPLC measurement of nitric oxide synthesis (NOS) activity in vascular tissue

EPR-based measurement of reactive nitrogen intermediates in human inflammatory diseases

Nitric oxide sensors and their biomedical applications

Understanding NO synthase inhibition; potency, selectivity and implications for their pharmacology

• References

Endogenously occurring inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase

• Abstract
• Methylated arginines as NOS inhibitors
• Measuring ADMA
• Conditions in which ADMA is elevated
• Arginine methylation
• Regulation of ADMA
• Could ADMA be causative in cardiovascular pathologies?

Evaluating endothelial function in humans: From bench to bedside

Nitric oxide synthase inhibition and renal injury

• References

Quantification of enzyme independent stores of nitric oxide in human skin

• References

POSTER  PRESENTATIONS

NO quantification in abnormal and manipulated red blood cells

• References

Application of NO detection using Fe(DETC) spin trap and ESR spectroscopy in pharmacological research

• Halogenated volatile anestherics (HVA)
• Flavonoids. Baicalein and luteolin
• TO-85 and TO-133
• Mildronate
• References

Hypoxia-induced regulation of nitric oxide synthase in cardiac endothelial cells and myocytes

• Methods
• Results
• Conclusions

Nitrite regulation of energy expenditure in man

Nitric oxide inhibits cellular lipid and protein synthesis without energy depletion: a process of chronic diseases due to nitrosothiols

NOx concentrations in human brain extracellular fluid and their relationship with energy metabolism: a pilot microdialysis study in acute brain injury

• Background and aims
• Patients and methods
• Results